PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO SEBAGAI INDIKATOR KESEHATAN EKONOMI NASIONAL: ANALISIS DETERMINAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2014–2024

Abstract

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the primary macroeconomic indicator that measures the total value of final goods and services produced by a country within a specific period. In Indonesia, the household consumption sector plays a vital role as the main pillar of the GDP structure, consistently contributing more than 53 percent during the 2014–2024 period. This study aims to analyze the main determinants of Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product and their implications for public welfare over the past decade using a quantitative approach based on secondary time series data. The method used is multiple regression analysis with panel data from Bank Indonesia, the Central Statistics Agency, and international institutions for the period 2014–2024. The results confirm that household consumption, private investment, and government expenditure are the three main determinants that simultaneously have a significant effect on Indonesia's GDP growth with a coefficient of determination R-squared of 0.847. Inflation has been proven to have a negative effect on real public purchasing power, which in turn suppresses the GDP growth rate. The findings of this study provide concrete policy recommendations for the government in prioritizing food price stability, quality job creation, and equalization of inter-regional economic development as the foundation for inclusive and sustainable GDP growth